Surgical simulation is an important training tool used in the field of surgery. It allows for medical education for students as well as those already working in the surgical field to further their skills. Medical simulation can be done on anatomical models and can also be done with different computer related simulators. Surgical simulators provide people with the training necessary to prevent accidents or inexperience that could prove to be deadly.

General Procedures

Knee Surgery – Virtually perform a total knee replacement surgery while learning about the knee and the tools used during the procedure.

Heart Transplant – A virtual heart transplant that shows you how to transplant a heart in nineteen steps.

Laparoscopic Surgery – A free guide to laparoscopic surgery including a virtual simulation and operative techniques.

Open Heart Surgery – Perform a virtual coronary bypass surgery by going though thirteen different steps.

Surgical Simulator Demos – Some information and demonstrations of some of the various surgical simulators available.

Web Based Simulators – A list of web based surgical simulators including neurosurgery, general procedures, anatomy teaching, radiotherapy, and gynecology.

Anatomy

Interactive Anatomy – An interactive guide to the anatomy of the human body including all major working systems in the body.

3D Human Anatomy – A website that allows users to take a virtual tour of the inner workings of the human body.

Human Anatomy Models – A list of different human anatomy models including the skeletal, digestive, muscular, lymphatic systems and more.

ADAM – A comprehensive and interactive anatomy teaching resource, use does require a subscription.

Surgical Simulation Research

Surgical Simulators – An overview of some of the research being done to develop different surgical simulators.

Reducing Errors – An article from the National Library of Medicine on the use of surgical simulators to reduce errors.

Robotic Surgical Simulators – An article featuring information on a robotic surgical simulator that was developed to let doctors sharpen their skills by operating on polygons.

3D Simulators – An article with information on how new simulators can help surgeons manage complications that arise during surgery.

Surgical Simulation Centers

Surgical Simulation Center – The Telehealth Research Center, they use a virtual reality motor skills simulator for training.

Goodman Simulation Center – Training, technology, and education from Stanford’s school of medicine.

SPRING – The website of SPRING, a real-time soft-tissue simulation platform maintained by Stanford University.

Virtual Simulation Surgery

Virtual Reality Simulator – A journal entry on the use of a virtual reality simulator for vitroretinal surgery.

ViRS – Information on the development of a virtual reality surgery simulation for neurosurgery.

Software Technology – Information on some of the software technologies developed and used for surgical simulation.

Virtual Reality Surgery – Information on the creation of virtual reality surgical simulation in the use of medical education.